Yes, if you stop sorting and start removing. Ten minutes won't empty a garage. It will clear a surface, a drawer or a bag's worth of stuff, and that's enough to feel the difference.
The 10-Minute Sprint in Declutter Quest is deliberately plain: a timer and a big button. Press Start, then tap every time something goes. When the time is up, or you finish early, it tells you how many items you removed and adds them to your total.
The counter matters more than you'd expect. Racing your own number makes you quicker and less precious. You don't hold the mug and think about it. You see the chip in the rim, it goes, tap.
Ten minutes is also short enough to start when you don't feel like it. Most people can talk themselves into ten minutes. Hardly anyone can talk themselves into a whole Saturday.
If one item stops you in your tracks, the decision helpers (a Premium feature) can settle it so you can keep going. On iPhone and iPad they're behind the lightbulb on the sprint screen; on Android they're in the Decide tab.